|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety |
| | | | Geological Survey of Western Australia |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
|
|
| | | | HM Howard, R Quentin de Gromard, and RH Smithies | | | | | Type | Province | Lithology | igneous and metamorphic rocks | Parent unit | | Child units | | Constituent lithostratigraphic units | | Affected by events | | Tectonic setting | |
| | | Summary | The Musgrave Province is a Mesoproterozoic orogenic belt at the nexus of three Archean to Paleoproterozoic cratons. It straddles the borders between Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory. Rocks within this region have a long and complex geological history, and were formed and deformed during several major events, including the 1345–1293 Ma Mount West Orogeny, 1219–1149 Ma Musgrave Orogeny and the 1085–1030 Ma Giles Event. The rocks of the Musgrave Province were subjected to subsequent, widespread deformation during the 630–520 Ma Petermann Orogeny. | | | Distribution | The Musgrave Province is a Mesoproterozoic orogenic belt that covers an area 800 km long and 350 km wide in central Australia where it straddles the borders between the Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia. It is bounded by Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic basins. | | | Description | Basement to the province is poorly exposed. However, a study of Hf isotopes in zircons from magmatic and sedimentary rocks throughout the Musgrave Province (Kirkland et al., 2012) indicates that the basement is dominated by two major juvenile crust forming events — one at 1950–1900 Ma and another at 1600–1550 Ma. No juvenile rocks of c. 1900 Ma age are exposed.
In the South Australian section of the Musgrave Province, all inferred basement components are grouped into the Birksgate Complex (Major and Conor, 1993), thought to include orthogneiss as well as banded paragneiss derived mainly from volcanic, volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks all formed or deposited between c. 1650 and 1550 Ma (Gray, 1971; Gray and Compston, 1978; Maboko et al., 1991; Major and Conor, 1993; Camacho and Fanning, 1995; Edgoose et al., 2004; Dutch et al., 2013). Outcropping units are dominated by granitic rocks, with minor intercalated mafic rocks. The felsic units are metaluminous, calc-alkaline and contain enriched LREE and LILE signatures, and relative depletions of the HFS elements characteristic of volcanic-arc granites (Wade et al., 2006; Dutch et al., 2013). Orthogneiss with interpreted protolith ages of 1600–1540 Ma extend into the Northern Territory (Edgoose et. al., 2004).
In Western Australia, all paragneiss, including packages previously regarded as exposed basement, have been shown to have been deposited between c. 1340 and 1270 Ma (Evins et al., 2012) and are now referred to as the Wirku Metamorphics (Evins et al., 2009; Howard et al., 2009; Smithies et al., 2009). Rare paragneiss exposed in the Northern Territory, previously interpreted to be an extension of the Birksgate Complex, could be equivalents to the Wirku Metamorphics. Basement orthogneiss — the gneissic granites of the 1604–1575 Ma Warlawurru Supersuite — are exposed in a thrust slice in the northwest part of the province, near Wanarn, and on AGNES, near the South Australia border.
Granitic rocks of the Wankanki Supersuite are typically strongly deformed, metamorphosed up to granulite facies, and are locally migmatized. In lower strain zones, the granitic rocks are typically porphyritic granodiorites and monzogranites. The granites are metaluminous, calc-alkaline, I-type rocks with geochemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic-arc granitic rocks (Giles et al., 2004; Betts and Giles, 2006; Smithies et al., 2010, 2011; Kirkland et al., 2013a; Howard et al., 2015). In this respect they differ from all younger granitic rocks in the Musgrave Province.
Banded gneiss, mainly preserved as rafts in granitic rocks of the west Musgrave Province, is assigned to the Wirku Metamorphics. Based on locally continuous layering, the presence of pelitic, arkosic, and near-orthoquartzitic interlayers, and on complex zircon age spectra, this gneiss is interpreted to have protoliths of sedimentary and rarer volcaniclastic and volcanic origin (e.g. Evins et al., 2012) deposited between c. 1340 and 1270 Ma. Volcanic units of the Wankanki Supersuite are a component of the Wirku Metamorphics and are interlayered with the sedimentary rocks. The basin into which the protoliths to the Wirku Metamorphics were deposited is referred to as the Ramarama Basin (Evins et al., 2012).
Magmatic rocks of the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite were produced during the 1219–1149 Ma Musgrave Orogeny (Edgoose et al., 2004). They are typically metaluminous and ferroan rocks ranging from alkali-calcic to calc-alkalic, with A-type granite affinities, and include charnockite and rapakivi granite. The anhydrous Ti- and P-enriched compositions of the granites suggest very high temperature magmatism requiring a significant mantle contribution for both the heat and source material. Smithies et al. (2010) suggested a lower crustal MASH (melting, assimilation, storage, homogenization) domain, in which crustal melts and mantle-derived magma mixed into a crystal mush zone, provided the source region for the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite.
Most rocks of the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite have been metamorphosed under granulite-facies conditions either during the Musgrave Orogeny itself, the 1085–1030 Ma Giles Event (Clarke et al., 1995), or the 630–520 Ma Petermann Orogeny, when parts of the region that had become deeply buried beneath Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins were rapidly uplifted, exposing metamorphic assemblages that reflect pressures as high as 10–14 kbar (Scrimgeour and Close, 1999).
However, pelitic rocks sampled far enough south of areas significantly affected by Petermann Orogeny metamorphism (e.g. south of the Mann Fault) preserve mineral assemblages that reflect pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions achieved during the Musgrave Orogeny. Thermobarometric studies, combined with whole-rock and in situ U–Pb dating of both zircon and monazite, have established that coarse-grained peak mineral assemblage of garnet–sillimanite–spinel–quartz equilibrated at conditions of ~1000°C and 7–8 kbar from at least c. 1220 to 1120 Ma throughout the entire 700 km strike length of the Musgrave Province (Kelsey et al., 2009; King, 2009; Tucker et al., 2015; Walsh et al., 2017). Patterns of lead diffusion in dated zircons also indicate that UHT metamorphic conditions occurred at the preserved level of exposure during several events throughout the Musgrave Orogeny, at least until 1119 ± 7 Ma (GSWA 194422, Kirkland et al., 2010b; Kelsey et al., 2009; Smithies et al., 2010). This c. 100 Ma history of UHT metamorphism, including more or less continuous high-temperature charnockitic magmatism, chronicles an extremely unusual tectonothermal regime, almost certainly involving extensive crust–mantle interaction. The Musgrave Orogeny appears most compatible with an intracratonic extensional regime (e.g. Wade et al., 2006, 2008), in terms of both sustained UHT conditions and granite geochemistry.
The rocks of the Musgrave Province were deformed by the largely amagmatic intracontinental transpressional event known as the Petermann Orogeny. This 630–520 Ma event produced or reactivated east-trending crustal-scale faults and shear zones, over 600 kilometres long, that dissect the entire Musgrave Province, the most prominent of which include the Woodroffe Thrust and the Mann Fault. | | | | | | Geochronology | | | Musgrave Province | Maximum age | Minimum age | Age (Ma) | 1600 | 1150 | Age | Mesoproterozoic | Mesoproterozoic |
| The oldest basement component identified in the west Musgrave Province is the Warlawurru Supersuite. Three metasyenogranite samples in the Wanarn area (eastern DIORITE) and one granitic gneiss from AGNES yielded crystallization ages between c. 1607 and 1542 Ma (GSWA 208502, Wingate et al., 2015c; GSWA 208455, Wingate et al., 2015b; 201304, Wingate et al., 2015a; GSWA 208520, Lu et al., 2018). The 1607–1542 Ma age range of the Warlawurru Supersuite is consistent with zircon Hf isotope data that suggest a crust-forming event occurred at 1600–1550 Ma (Kirkland et al., 2012; Kirkland et al., 2015).
A small exposure of hornblende monzogranite of the Papulankutja Supersuite (HOLT) returned an U–Pb SHRIMP zircon date of c. 1402 Ma (GSWA 194764, Kirkland et al., 2011b).
The Wankanki Supersuite, formed during the Mount West Orogeny, is constrained between c. 1345 and 1293 Ma. Approximately 20 samples have been dated within this range, with most dates lying within a narrow period between c. 1326 and 1312 Ma (White et al., 1999; Kirkland et al., 2008, 2009b; summarized in Smithies et al., 2009).
U–Pb (SHRIMP) dates on zircons from >100 samples of rocks from the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite (see Smithies et al., 2010) include ages interpreted to reflect crystallization of the granitic magma, as well as ages interpreted to reflect growth during metamorphism. The ages of Musgravian granitic rock from the Walpa Pulka Zone (BATES) range from c. 1219 to 1157 Ma (e.g. GSWA 174737, Bodorkos et al., 2008; GSWA 189523, Kirkland et al., 2009c). Most Pitjantjatjara Supersuite granitic rocks in the Mamutjarra zone range in age from c. 1179 to 1149 Ma (e.g. GSWA 189452, Kirkland et al., 2013b; GSWA 189522, Kirkland et al., 2013c). In the Tjuni Purlka zone the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite mainly consists of schlieric biotite–orthopyroxene leucogranites that range in age from c. 1200 to 1156 Ma (GSWA 185339, Kirkland et al., 2009b; GSWA 183509, Kirkland et al., 2007). The combined age range for the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite in Western Australia is therefore from c. 1219 to 1149 Ma; however, zircon rim growth may have continued until c. 1124 Ma (GSWA 187113, Kirkland et al 2009a; GSWA 194379, Kirkland et al 2011a).
| | | | The rocks of the Musgrave Province are overlain and intruded by rocks generated during the Giles Event, namely the Bentley Supergroup and Warakurna Supersuite. | | | Tectonic setting | Magmatic rocks formed during the Mount West Orogeny (Wankanki Supersuite) show geochemical and Nd-isotopic characteristics that suggest continental-arc magmatism (Giles et al., 2004; Betts and Giles, 2006; Smithies et al., 2010; Howard et al., 2011; Kirkland et al., 2012).
After the Mount West Orogeny, the Musgrave Province was located at the centre of an architecture formed as three, thick cratonic masses amalgamated (Smithies et al., 2011). There was significant crustal thickening in the interval between the Mount West and Musgrave Orogenies (Smithies et al., 2010, 2011; Howard et al., 2015).
During the subsequent 1219–1149 Ma Musgrave Orogeny, granitic rocks of the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite were emplaced at temperatures up to 1000ºC (Smithies et al., 2010) and during the same 100 Ma period (1220–1120 Ma) there was province-scale UHT metamorphism (e.g. Kelsey et al., 2009; King, 2009; Smithies et al., 2011), characterized by temperatures in the mid-crust (7 kbar) of >1000°C. A geothermal gradient of ≥35–40°C km⁻¹ (e.g. Kelsey et al., 2009; King, 2009) indicates the base of the lithosphere was only ~35 km deep, suggesting most of the lithospheric mantle was removed. It is likely the crust remained thin (~35km) throughout the Musgrave Orogeny until at least c. 1120 Ma. The interpretation of an intraplate setting for the Musgrave Orogeny (e.g. Wade et al., 2008; Smithies et al., 2011) is based on several lines of reasoning, including: 1) a lack of evidence for prolonged regional compressional deformation (although only middle to lower crust is preserved and is structurally overprinted), 2) evidence (e.g. UHT conditions) for thin crust, 3) the A-type geochemistry of the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite, and 4) models for the Proterozoic evolution of central Australia that suggest final cratonic amalgamation by c. 1290 Ma (e.g. Giles et al., 2004; Betts and Giles, 2006; Cawood and Korsch, 2008). However, the prolonged, dominantly extensional regime and UHT conditions are also characteristics of the mid- to lower-crustal regions of some continental back-arcs (e.g. Currie and Hyndman, 2006) and a distal back-arc setting for the Musgrave Orogeny has not been dismissed (e.g. Smithies et al., 2011; Kirkland et al., 2013a), but appears very unlikely.
The 1085–1030 Ma Giles Event records the evolution of a failed intracontinental rift, the Ngaanyatjarra Rift (Evins et al., 2010a,b) and was responsible for the emplacement of numerous, large, layered, mafic–ultramafic intrusions and associated co-mingled granitic rocks, and the deposition of voluminous volcano-sedimentary rocks. Although initial studies related the Giles Event to the effects of a deep-mantle plume (Zhao and McCulloch, 1993; Wingate et al., 2004; Pirajno, 2007) the duration of related mantle-derived magmatism exceeds 50 Ma, and the entire history is recorded within the restricted area of the west Musgrave region, with no time-progressive spatial magmatic trend. It appears that the controls on this magmatism were long-lived and specifically attached to the lithosphere, relating primarily to a coincidence of the extreme thermal pre-history of the region, and sinistral strike-slip movement along trans-lithospheric faults (Smithies et al., 2015). The Giles Event can be viewed as the temporal continuation of a much longer history of greatly enhanced thermal gradients extending back at least to the beginning of the Musgrave Orogeny (c. 1219 Ma).
Finally, the 630–520 Ma Petermann Orogeny is a large-scale intracontinental transpressional event that reactivated the boundary between the North, South and West Australian Cratons (Sandiford and Hand, 1998; Camacho and McDougall, 2000; Li and Evans, 2011). This event is largely amagmatic with deformation along the northern edge of the Musgrave Province and the southern Amadeus Basin (Howard et al., 2013; Quentin de Gromard et al., 2017a,b). | BookMark | | | | | Child units | | | | Tectonic unit name | Unit code | Age (Ma) | Type | | RM | 1340–1270 | Basin |
|
| BookMark | | | | | Constituent lithostratigraphic units | | | Unit name | Unit code | Rank | GSWA status | | | Suite | Formal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | Musgrave Province metagranitic unit | | Formation | Informal | Musgrave Province metagranitic unit | | Suite | Informal | Musgrave Province metagranitic unit | | Suite | Informal | Musgrave Province metagranitic unit | | Supersuite | Informal | Musgrave Province metagranitic unit | | Formation | Informal | Musgrave Province metagranitic unit | | Formation | Informal | Musgrave Province meta-igneous felsic unit | | Supersuite | Informal | Musgrave Province meta-igneous felsic unit | | Formation | Informal | Musgrave Province meta-igneous felsic unit | | Suite | Informal | Musgrave Province meta-igneous mafic unit | | Supersuite | Informal | Musgrave Province meta-igneous mafic unit | | Formation | Informal | Musgrave Province meta-igneous mafic unit | | Suite | Informal | Musgrave Province metamorphic unit | | Group | Informal | Musgrave Province metamorphic unit | | Group | Informal | Musgrave Province metamorphic unit | | Subgroup | Informal | Musgrave Province metamorphic unit | | Subgroup | Informal | Musgrave Province metamorphic unit | | Formation | Informal | | | Supersuite | Formal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Supersuite | Formal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Suite | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 1 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Suite | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | Pitjantjatjara Supersuite 2 | | Formation | Informal | | | Suite | Formal | | | Suite | Formal | | | Supersuite | Formal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Formation | Informal | | | Supersuite | Formal |
|
| | | | | | References | Betts, PG and Giles, D 2006, The 1800-1100 Ma tectonic evolution of Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 144, p. 92–125. | Bodorkos, S and Wingate, MTD 2008, 174594.1: metamorphosed leucogabbro, Mirturtu Camp; Geochronology Record 716: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Bodorkos, S, Wingate, MTD and Kirkland, CL 2008, 174737.1: foliated metamonzogranite, Mount Fanny; Geochronology Record 718: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Camacho, A and Fanning, CM 1995, Some isotopic constraints on the evolution of the granulite and upper amphibolite facies terranes in the eastern Musgrave Block, central Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 71, p. 155–172. | Camacho, A and McDougall, I 2000, Intracratonic, strike-slip partitioned transpression and the formation of eclogite facies rocks: An example from the Musgrave Block, central Australia: Tectonics, v. 19, p. 978–996. | Cawood, PA and Korsch, RJ (eds.) 2008, Assembling Australia: Proterozoic building of a continent, Precambrian Research v. 166, 396p. | Clarke, GL, Buick, IS, Glikson, AY and Stewart, AJ 1995, Structural and pressure-temperature evolution of host rocks of the Giles Complex, western Musgrave Block, central Australia: AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, v. 16, p. 127–146. | Currie, CA and Hyndman, RD 2006, The thermal structure of subduction zone back arcs: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 111, no. B8, doi:10.1029/2005JB004024. | Dutch, RA, Werner, M, Krapf, C and Rusak, T 2013, Geology of the Tieyon (5464) 1:100 000 map sheet: Department for Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources and Energy (South Australia), Report 2013/00011, 84p. | Edgoose, CJ, Scrimgeour, IR and Close, DF 2004, Geology of the Musgrave Block, Northern Territory: Northern Territory Geological Survey, Report 15, 46p. | Evins, PM, Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD, Smithies, RH, Howard, HM and Bodorkos, S 2012, Provenance of the 1340-1270 Ma Ramarama Basin in the west Musgrave Province, central Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Report 116, 39p. | Evins, PM, Smithies, RH, Howard, HM, Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Bodorkos, S 2010a, Redefining the Giles Event within the setting of the 1120-1020 Ma Ngaanyatjarra Rift, west Musgrave Province, central Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2010/6, 36p. View Reference | Evins, PM, Smithies, RH, Howard, HM, Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Bodorkos, S 2010b, Devil in the detail: the 1150–1000 Ma magmatic and structural evolution of the Ngaanyatjarra Rift, west Musgrave Province, central Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 183, p. 572–588. | Evins, PM, Smithies, RH, Maier, WD and Howard, HM 2009, Holt, WA Sheet 4546: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1:100 000 Geological Series. View Reference | Giles, D, Betts, PG and Lister, GS 2004, 1.8 - 1.5-Ga links between the North and South Australian Cratons and the Early-Middle Proterozoic configuration of Australia: Tectonophysics, v. 380, p. 27–41. | Gorczyk, W, Smithies, H, Korhonen, F, Howard, H and Quentin de Gromard, R 2015, Ultra-hot Mesoproterozoic evolution of intracontinental central Australia: Geoscience Frontiers, v. 6, no. 1, p. 23–37. | Gray, CM 1971, Strontium isotope studies on granulites: Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, PhD thesis (unpublished), 242p. | Gray, CM and Compston, W 1978, A Rb-Sr chronology of the metamorphism and prehistory of central Australian granulites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, p. 1735–1748. | Howard, HM, Quentin de Gromard, R, Smithies, RH, Kirkland, CL, Korsch, RJ, Aitken, ARA, Gessner, K, Wingate, MTD, Blewett, RS, Holzschuh, J, Kennett, BLN, Duan, J, Goodwin, JA, Jones, T, Neumann, NL and Gorczyk, W 2013, Geological setting and interpretation of the northeastern half of deep seismic reflection line 11GA-YO1: west Musgrave Province and the Bentley Supergroup, in Yilgarn Craton – Officer Basin – Musgrave Province seismic and MT workshop edited by Neumann, NL: Geoscience Australia, Record 2013/28, p. 51–95. | Howard, HM, Smithies, RH, Evins, PM, Pirajno, F and Skwarnecki, MS 2009, Bell Rock, WA Sheet 4645 (2nd edition): Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1:100 000 Geological Series. View Reference | Howard, HM, Smithies, RH, Kirkland, CL, Kelsey, DE, Aitken, A, Wingate, MTD, Quentin de Gromard, R, Spaggiari, CV and Maier, WD 2015, The burning heart - the Proterozoic geology and geological evolution of the west Musgrave Region, central Australia: Gondwana Research, v. 27, no. 1, p. 64–94, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.09.001. | Howard, HM, Werner, M, Smithies, RH, Evins, PM, Kirkland, CL, Kelsey, DE, Hand, M, Collins, AS, Pirajno, F, Wingate, MTD, Maier, WD and Raimondo, T 2011, The geology of the west Musgrave Province and the Bentley Supergroup - a field guide: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2011/4, 116p. View Reference | Kelsey, DE, Hand, M, Smithies, H, Evins, P, Clark, C and Kirkland, CL 2009, High temperature, high geothermal gradient metamorphism in the Musgrave Province, central Australia; potential constraints on tectonic setting, in Geological Society of Australia Abstracts edited by Timms, NE, Foden, J, Evans, KE and Clark, C: Biennial Conference of the Specialist Group for Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 8–13 November 2009. | King, RJ 2009, Using calculated pseudosections in the system NCKFMASHTO and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating to constrain the metamorphic evolution of paragneisses in the Latitude Hills, West Musgrave Province, Western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2009/15, 67p. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Smithies, RH, Spaggiari, CV and Wingate, MTD 2015, Madura Province: Isotopes and crustal evolution, in Eucla basement stratigraphic drilling results release workshop: extended abstracts: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Record 2015/10, p. 29. | Kirkland, CL, Smithies, RH, Woodhouse, A, Howard, HM, Wingate, MTD, Belousova, EA, Cliff, JB, Murphy, RC and Spaggiari, CV 2012, A multi-isotopic approach to the crustal evolution of the west Musgrave province, Central Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Report 115, 47p. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Smithies, RH, Woodhouse, AJ, Howard, HM, Wingate, MTD, Belousova, EA, Cliff, JB, Murphy, RC and Spaggiari, CV 2013a, Constraints and deception in the isotopic record; the crustal evolution of the west Musgrave Province, central Australia: Gondwana Research, v. 23, no. 2, p. 759–781. | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Bodorkos, S 2007, 183509.1: leucogranite dyke, Mount West; Geochronology Record 724: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Bodorkos, S 2009a, 187113.1: folded pegmatite vein, Mount Aloysius; Geochronology Record 798: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD, Bodorkos, S and Howard, HM 2009b, 185339.1: mylonitic granite, Hazlett Rocks; Geochronology Record 768: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Evins, PM 2010, 194422.1: quartzite, Cohn Hill; Geochronology Record 864: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Evins, PM 2011a, 194379.1: biotite granite, Minnie Hill; Geochronology Record 929: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Smithies, RH 2009c, 189523.1: metagranodiorite, Lightning Rock; Geochronology Record 826: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Smithies, RH 2011b, 194764.1: monzogranite, Mount Scott; Geochronology Record 965: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Smithies, RH 2013b, 189452.1: metagranodiorite, Lightning Rock; Geochronology Record 1132: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Kirkland, CL, Wingate, MTD and Smithies, RH 2013c, 189522.1: leucogranite vein, Lightning Rock; Geochronology Record 1133: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Li, ZX and Evans, DAD 2011, Late Neoproterozoic 40° intraplate rotation within Australia allows for a tighter-fitting and longer-lasting Rodinia: Geology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 39–42. | Lu, Y, Wingate, MTD and Quentin de Gromard, R 2018, 208520.1: migmatitic orthogneiss, Mount Agnes; Geochronology Record 1504: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Maboko, MAH, McDougall, I, Zeitler, PK and Fitzgerald, JD 1991, Discordant 40Ar-39Ar ages from the Musgrave Ranges, central Australia: Implications for the significance of hornblende 40Ar-39Ar spectra: Chemical Geology, v. 86, p. 139–160. | Major, RB and Conor, CHH 1993, Musgrave Block, in The Geology of South Australia: volume 1, the Precambrian edited by Drexel, JF, Preiss, WV and Parker, AJ: Geological Survey of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Bulletin 54, p. 156–167. | Pirajno, F 2007, Ancient to modern Earth: The role of mantle plumes in the making of continental crust, in Earth's oldest rocks edited by Van Kranendonk, MJ, Bennett, VC and Smithies, RH: Elsevier B.V., Burlington, Massachusetts, USA, Developments in Precambrian Geology 15, p. 1037–1064. | Quentin de Gromard, R, Howard, HM, Kirkland, CL, Smithies, RH, Wingate, MTD and Jourdan, F 2017, Post-Giles Event evolution of the Musgrave Province constrained by (multi-method) thermochronology, in GSWA 2017 extended abstracts: promoting the prospectivity of Western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2017/2, p. 42–47. View Reference | Quentin de Gromard, R, Howard, HM, Smithies, RH, Wingate, MTD and Lu, Y 2017, The deep seismic reflection profile 11GA-YO1 in the west Musgrave Province: An updated view: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2017/8, 20p. | Sandiford, M and Hand, M 1998, Controls on the locus of intraplate deformation in Central Australia: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 162, p. 97–110. | Scrimgeour, IR and Close, DF 1999, Regional high pressure metamorphism during intracratonic deformation: The Petermann Orogeny, central Australia: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 17, p. 557–572. | Smithies, RH, Howard, HM, Evins, PM, Kirkland, CL, Kelsey, DE, Hand, M, Wingate, MTD, Collins, AS and Belousova, E 2011, High-temperature granite magmatism, crust-mantle interaction and the Mesoproterozoic intracontinental evolution of the Musgrave Province, Central Australia: Journal of Petrology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 931–958, doi:10.1093/petrology/egr010. | Smithies, RH, Howard, HM, Evins, PM, Kirkland, CL, Kelsey, DE, Hand, M, Wingate, MTD, Collins, AS, Belousova, E and Allchurch, S 2010, Geochemistry, geochronology, and petrogenesis of Mesoproterozoic felsic rocks in the west Musgrave Province, Central Australia, and implications for the Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the region: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Report 106, 73p. View Reference | Smithies, RH, Howard, HM, Evins, PM, Kirkland, CL and Wingate, MTD 2009, New insights into the geological evolution of the west Musgrave Complex, in GSWA 2009 extended abstracts: promoting the prospectivity of Western Australia edited by Geological Survey of Western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2009/2, p. 19–22. View Reference | Smithies, RH, Howard, HM, Kirkland, CL, Korhonen, FJ, Medlin, CC, Maier, WD, Quentin de Gromard, R and Wingate, MTD 2015, Piggy-back supervolcanoes — long-lived, voluminous, juvenile rhyolite volcanism in Mesoproterozoic central Australia: Journal of Petrology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 735–763, doi:10.1093/petrology/egv015. | Tucker, NM, Hand, M, Kelsey, DE and Dutch, RA 2015, A duality of timescales: Short-lived ultrahigh temperature metamorphism preserving a long-lived monazite growth history in the Grenvillian Musgrave-Albany-Fraser Orogen: Precambrian Research, v. 264, p. 204–234. | Wade, BP, Barovich, KM, Hand, M, Scrimgeour, IR and Close, DF 2006, Evidence for early Mesoproterozoic arc magmatism in the Musgrave Block, central Australia: Implications for Proterozoic crustal growth and tectonic reconstructions of Australia: The Journal of Geology, v. 114, p. 43–63. | Wade, BP, Kelsey, DE, Hand, M and Barovich, KM 2008, The Musgrave Province: Stitching north, west and south Australia, in Assembling Australia: Proterozoic building of a continent edited by Cawood, PA and Korsch, RJ, Precambrian Research v. 166, p. 370–386. | Walsh, A 2017, Thermo-mechanical evolution of orogeny in the Musgrave Province: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Report 166, 188p. View Reference | White, RW, Clarke, GL and Nelson, DR 1999, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of Grenville-age events in the western part of the Musgrave Block, central Australia: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 17, p. 465–481. | Wingate, MTD, Kirkland, CL, Quentin de Gromard, R and Howard, HM 2015b, 208455.1: foliated metasyenogranite, Yulun-Kudara Waterhole; Geochronology Record 1251: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Wingate, MTD, Kirkland, CL, Quentin de Gromard, R, Howard, HM and Smithies, RH 2015a, 201304.1: foliated metasyenogranite, Yulun-Kudara Waterhole; Geochronology Record 1249: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Wingate, MTD, Kirkland, CL, Quentin de Gromard, R, Howard, HM and Smithies, RH 2015c, 208502.1: foliated metasyenogranite, Yulun-Kudara Waterhole; Geochronology Record 1253: Geological Survey of Western Australia, <www.dmpe.wa.gov.au/geochron>. View Reference | Wingate, MTD, Pirajno, F and Morris, PA 2004, Warakurna large igneous province: A new Mesoproterozoic large igneous province in west-central Australia: Geology, v. 32, no. 2, p. 105–108. | Zhao, J and McCulloch, MT 1993, Sm-Nd mineral isochron ages of Late Proterozoic dyke swarms in Australia: Evidence for two distinctive events of mafic magmatism and crustal extension: Chemical Geology, v. 109, no. 1–4, p. 341–354. |
| | | | Recommended reference for this publication | Howard, HM, Quentin de Gromard, R and Smithies, RH 2019, Musgrave Province (MU): Geological Survey of Western Australia, WA Geology Online, Explanatory Notes extract, viewed 05 August 2025. <www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ens> |
| | | This page was last modified on 17 June 2019. | | | | | Grid references in this publication refer to the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94). Locations mentioned in the text are referenced using Map Grid Australia (MGA) coordinates, Zones 49 to 52. All locations are quoted to at least the nearest 100 m. Capitalized names in text refer to standard 1:100 000 map sheets, unless otherwise indicated. WAROX is GSWA’s field observation and sample database. WAROX site IDs have the format ‘ABCXXXnnnnnnSS’, where ABC = geologist username, XXX = project or map code, nnnnnn = 6 digit site number, and SS = optional alphabetic suffix (maximum 2 characters). All isotopic dates are based on U–Pb analysis of zircon and quoted with 95% uncertainties, unless stated otherwise. U–Pb measurements of GSWA samples were conducted using a sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) in the John de Laeter Centre at Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. Digital data related to WA Geology Online, including geochronology and digital geology, are available online at the Department’s Data and Software Centre and may be viewed in map context at GeoVIEW.WA. | | | Further details of geological publications and maps produced by the Geological Survey of Western Australia are available from: Information Centre Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety 100 Plain Street EAST PERTH, WA 6004 Telephone: +61 8 9222 3459 Facsimile: +61 8 9222 3444 |
|
| |
|
|